Beginning at the south end of the district, at East Burke Street and North Water Street, and moving roughly north, the following buildings and structures deserve mention: Tuscarora Creek Channelization Burke Street Underpass B&O Railroad Main Line Right-of-Way B&O Freight Depot Telegraph Office B&O Station/Hotel B&O Roundhouses and Shops The Subway and B&O Bridge B&O Freight Station Stone Bridge at North Maple & Exchange Tuscarora Channelization and Bridge Fitz-Matthews Foundry – T.E. Matthews & Bro. G Campbell Janney Mill - Consumers Fuel Co., Inc. Middlesex Hosiery Mill - Martinsburg Paper Box Co. (Destroyed by Fire) J W Bishop Coal and Wood Yard Hannis Distilling Co-National Fruit Products Co., Inc. B&O Stonework at Hannis North of East Burke at the B&O main line tracks. Tuscarora Creek Channelizing: Possibly begun in the 1840s - it would have been necessary to carry the waterway under the railroad in some way - the fine work of quarried and finished stone seems earlier than the work of the 1870s above and adjacent to it along the B&O the right of way. The stream channel stonework relates to some of the stonework in the base of the Burke Street underpass that also predates the 1870s work above it. The stream crosses under the street at the northern end of the underpass and under the railroad tracks slightly further south. East Burke Street at the B&O tracks. Colonnade Bridge site; Burke Street underpass; Burke Street Railroad Bridge: The Colonnade Bridge, constructed in the 1840s, carried the tracks of the railroad over Burke Street and Tuscarora Creek here. Destroyed in 1861 portions of its stonework pillars or abutments survive here at the base of the stone abutment. Atop the tall stone retaining walls and abutments constructed during the 1866-73 era is the railroad bridge currently in use, a steel girder and concrete slab structure built in 1911. Stonework here ranges through at least the 1840s, 1866-73 and 1911 eras. It is a fine study into the craftsmanship and engineering ability of the B&O during these several eras. Burke Street northward to the boundary of the district. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Right of Way. Main Line. (An additional portion of the right of way is to the south, within the South Water Street Historic District): Of quarried and finished stone, with brownstone or granite coping or arches, the stone retaining walls are at both sides of the tracks at Burke Street, on the north along Tuscarora Creek to Queen Street, on both sides there and to the boundaries of the district at various places on one or the other or both sides of the tracks. They also retain Martin and Race streets and their hillsides into which the tracks are terraced. Work from the 1840s survives, at the base of, or incorporated into the main retaining walls. These are 1866-73 with some repairs or additions near the Burke and King Street railroad bridges early in the 20th century. East Burke and North Water streets. B & 0 Freight Depot: Of brick with gable roof and parapeted gable ends, the structure is early 20th century. North Water Street, between Burke and Martin; Telegraph Office or Relay Station: Late 19th or early 20th century. A small frame structure with novelty siding, such buildings, utilitarian and specialized have· generally not survived though they could once be found near almost all train stations. E. Martin and N. Water streets; B&O Station/Hotel, 1849-66: Riveted into the hillside and facing northward over the tracks, but with a long multi-bay side on East Martin, the Italianate building is brick over a stone foundation. To the rear along Martin, it is 3-story; at its front where Martin ends at the retaining wall, it is 4-story; from the tracks it is 5-story. The facade is 5-bay. The base of Martin Street is contained by a stone retaining wall advanced to the front of the stone first level 0f the station. The 2-story shed roofed porch covers the first two building levels, which served the station and related uses, while the three stories above housed the hotel and railroad offices. Sash on the first four ·levels is flat headed 4/4, on the fifth level segmental arched 2/2. The bracketed cornice has been removed, as has an early part of the complex to the north. What remains, however, is handsome and evocative of the importance of this railroad and rail travel in general to Martinsburg. A part of the building still serves as a rail passenger station. Evidently the building was not built by the railroad, but by Washington Kroeson who acquired the property in April 1849. When it was sold by his heirs in 1866 it contained the old depot lot, a railroad dining. room and was “improved by a house and other appurtenances and known as the National Hotel property.” This provided the basis for the structure which survives. B&O Right of Way, between Martin and Race streets. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Roundhouses and Shop Complex, 1866-72, plus: The complex consists of seven buildings, beginning near Martin and moving toward Race: 1) Destroyed by fire May 15, 1990, the East Roundhouse/Engine House No. 2, 1870-72, 1927; 2) Saw Mill, early 20th century; 3) The Frog and Switch Shop/Blacksmith Shop/Boiler and Locomotive Shop, 1866; 4) The West Roundhouse/Engine House No. 1, 1866; 5) Repair Shop, early 20th century; 6) Machine and Bridge Shop, 1866; 7) Private Reservoir (round) for supplying engines and shops, pre-1885. The right of way itself is also important since the original track went through the same area. Most of the structures in the complex are brick with continuous window courses within brick panels. The roundhouses are actually 16 sided rather than round1 and their roofs have an equal number of planes. The West Roundhouse maintains its 16-sided bell cast roof center over clerestory windows. It also maintains its iron trussing support system: The East Roundhouse lost the center roof feature in 1927 though the clerestory was retained. It was replaced with an almost flat roof with a central circular ventilator as a pent. The Frog and Switch shop is aone story with a broad gable roof and sited between the roundhouses. The Machine Shop is to the west of the tracks and is two stories with a broad gable roof. The quality of the workmanship in all structures is fine. The framing of the roundhouses, in both iron and wood, is particularly beautiful and important. North Queen St at Tuscarora Creek; The Subway and B&O Bridge: Here as at the Burke Street crossing -- no other streets cross the tracks which split the city into two parts - the creek and street almost share the crossing. In both places, however, the Tuscarora crosses first ·under the street then under the tracks. Since the street crosses under the tracks at an angle then follows beside and below them for a block as it climbs out, the crossing is known locally as The Subway. The bridge on which the railroad is carried over the subway at an angle - is an early 20th century steel girder structure. N. Hannis St at Exchange Place; Baltimore and Ohio Freight Station, pre-1885: Though a depot existed here prior to the Civil War, the present structure replaced the one destroyed by Confederate forces in 1861. It would seem to be from the 1870s era. A very fine brick: structure with gable roof, the station maintains its doors of studded wood, its railroad signs and its loading docks - wooden platforms with roof extensions, above, supported on massive, chamfered stick brackets. There are oculus windows in each gable end and the brick: lintels of the bays are dropped and continue around the structure as a continuous string course. It is a superb example of railroad utilitarian architecture. The Martinsburg complex of structures related to the B&O railroad represent one of the few remaining examples of American industrial railroad architecture and engineering that remains intact and in use. The structures, historical and current uses; and the right of way are important reminders of the status of the railroad in the mid-19th century and its importance to the community and nation. Because the B&O was a forerunner in the field of railroad engineering, the survival of these structures is tremendously important. They are also important architecturally and historically for the part they played in the development of Martinsburg and in the opening of the Ohio River Valley to· commerce with the East Coast. As a complex of structures and engineering features, the Martinsburg group united by scale, ownership, age and use, represents a unique railroad facility that surely has national importance. At the point where North Queen Street crosses the B&O tracks begin a series of other structures that have great historical, architectural, engineering and/or cultural importance. All are located here because of either waterpower supplied by the Tuscarora or because of access to the railroad. Indeed, each of the industries mentioned is served directly by the railroad. Tuscarora Creek, North Maple and Exchange Place, Stone Bridge: Of indeterminate age, but certainly pre-Civil ·war, the stone arches and stonework of buttresses piers may be seen under the present concrete street bridge. When the new bridge was built in the early 20th century it was simply set atop the old stone bridge which overlapped on the upstream side. It was wider than the old bridge and had to put down its own supports so that the stone bridge is covered on that side. The stonework visible on the downstream side indicates good workmanship and age. Tuscarora Creek, between Exchange Place and North Maple Street Bridge and North Queen Street. The Fitz Foundry/Equality Mills Dam, Tuscarora Channelization and Stone Bridge under North Queen Street: In a pleasant green and wooded vale water still spreads behind the dam and spills over it. Though considerably diminished from its mid-19th century size, the dam base remains. Just below the dam water is gathered into a channel that is stone walled on either side - a sort of spillway over which industrial structures once stood. At N. Queen an earlier bridge/culvert under the street can be seen. The stone here is also quarried and fine, and is all at least pre-1885, since it appears on the Sanborn map of that date. It seems that all the work: is likely pre-Civil War, since it is associated with the operation of the Fitz Foundry which began here in 1851. N. Queen St. at Tuscarora Creek. Fitz-Matthews Foundry, before 1851: Operated as a foundry since at least 1851 when it was acquired by Samuel Fitz., an article in the. Aug. 31, 1892, World stated that the stone. Foundry building was there when Fitz purchased the property. It was described as stone, 140 feet long and 45 feet wide, containing two stories, each 12 feet high. The foundry utilized waterpower, using the same dam used by Equality Mills also operated by Fitz. The foundry remained with Fitz heirs until 1904 when it was sold to H. T. Cushwa. In 1913, T. E. and J.D. Matthews, who worked in the foundry, acquired half interest in the industry, acquiring the other half in 1921. They still operate the business. Their product can be seen at many places in the city where manhole sewer and watermain covers, drains, coal chutes and other products of iron are labeled Matthews Foundry. Much other decorative and structural ironwork: within the town is a product of the foundry as well. The building, of rubble stone with corner quoining, was extended upward in this century, so that there is now a wall of several brick courses atop the stone sides with brick: parapets on each gable end. The arched opening at the ramped entrance has stone surround with skew back impost blocks for the segmental arch. The same arch and treatment appear at the basement level in the gable end. Other openings are flat headed with stone lintels. The skew back impost blocks incline this viewer to place a c. 1851 date on the structure. It is a fine piece of architecture and has tremendous historical value as a continuously operating business since at least 1851. It has been known by a number of names, the best-known ones being Fitz Foundry, 'Tuscarora Ironworks and Matthews Foundry. Exchange Place and the B&O right of way; G. Campbell Janney Fertilizer and Plaster Mill/J. H. Miller and Sons, pre-1885: Consisting of a 2-story frame building at Exchange Place, with steep gable roof and wide overhang, and a series of structures downhill toward Tuscarora Creek, the complex has multiple coal hoppers serviced by a spur from the B&O line. All structures continue in use. They appear on the 1885 Sanborn though the frame building would not seem from style to pre-date 1875. It and - the hopper structures are almost unchanged from a drawing in the World, Aug. 31, 1892, which is noted in an advertisement for the company: J. WM. & C.A. MILLER., Successors of J.H. MILLER & SONS, ESTABLISHED 1886. Agricultural Implements, Fertilizers, Coal, Wood & c. & c. We carry the largest stock in the city. Buy all our goods in car load lots and can sell at lower prices than our competitors. All goods sold on their merits. WE GUARANTEE TO GIVE SATISFACTION. Wagons and Fine Buggies A SPECIALTY. Near the B & O Freight Depot, Martinsburg, W.Va. The 1885 Sanborn labels the frame building Hardware and Agricultural Implements Warehouse with the fertilizer and plaster mill in the structures to the rear of the hoppers: Evidently the Miller business, founded in 1886, merely continued the structures in the same use as Janney who had them prior to that date. Exchange Place at Tuscarora Creek. Middlesex Hosiery Mills/Martinsburg Paper Box Company, late 19th century: An extremely long and low 1-story brick building over a stone foundation, the structure has a gently sloping gable roof with full length monitor at the ridge and parapeted gable ends with tile coping. on the 1902 Sanborn map. The building appears in its present form. N. Hannis St., north of Exchange Place, J. W. Bishop Coal and Wood Yard, Wholesale Grocer, Flour and Feed Mill, late 19th century: A complex of some six buildings -­ several are joined, and the entire group is interrelated -- of various materials, including brick frame and shingle, the Bishop collection is certainly one of the most picturesque of the. Martinsburg industrial complexes. Buildings are sited at several angles and have varying roof lines. Ventilator towers, grain towers and chimneys appear. Especially fine is the use of shingle on the grain elevator complex. Tuscarora Creek and B&O right of way, Hannis Distilling Company/National Fruit Products Company, 1867-1900: (approached by private way just east of point where Williamsport Avenue joins N. Queen St.) A number of buildings here have architectural value individually and as part of the complex, which is historically important. At the end of the entrance drive is a small brick building of the late 19th century with a fine wooden trim that was an employee center and bathhouse. To its left are a series of warehouses1 to its left rear a group of distillery buildings. The central bonded warehouse - on the B&O tracks adjacent to the Tuscarora Creek - is particularly handsome. It has three parts. Two of the three are Civil War era brick structures over quarried and finished stone first levels. They are built are right angles to each other. Both are gabled roofed, the southernmost of them are a 2-story plus attic, and the center one 3-story plus attic. The 2-story structure seems originally to have been a single-story stone, gable roofed building, later raised in brick to 2-story. The north and adjoining are a late 19th century 3-level building with stone first Level, flat roof and two levels of paneled brick. The complex is most impressive and, since it continues in use, evocative of the 19th Century, though the human bustle that made the industrial revolution work in distilleries such as this are missing. Tuscarora Creek, adjacent to the B&O right of way, at Hannis Distillery. Baltimore and Ohio Stonework: The creek runs beneath the B&O right of way at two points - it runs into the Hannis Distillery area from the north where it is joined by Dry Run, then flows out of the area to the south - through fine culverting. The tracks of the B&O along 'Tuscarora after it makes its southern exit exhibit particularly fine stonework, probably original to the B&O track here, and certainly no later than the Civil War era. LEGAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION: Beginning at the West side of Adams Street near Dry Run, thence south along the west side of Adams Street 650 feet to a point 60 feet south of an alley or Parks Street east of Adams Street, thence west 500 feet, thence south 150 feet, thence west with the nort:1 side of Shaffer Street or - Williamsport Avenue to the B&O, thence south along the east side of the RR to the east side of the subway, thence south by a nearly straight line to near Eulalia Street, thence south along the east side ·of Tuscarora Creek to Burke Street, thence west along the south side of it to Water Street, thence north crossing Burke Street, thence west along its north side to the northwest corner with White Avenue, thence north along its west side to the B&O passenger depot, thence west to the southwest corner of lot 84, thence north to the northeast corner of lot 75, thence north along the west side of the RR to Commerce street, thence west along its north side 150 feet thence north to the Tuscarora, thence west ·along its south side 350 feet·, thence around Parks Hill south 80 ft west 140ft, north 80 ft., thence northwest along the south and west side of Tuscarora, including the race and building site opposite the mouth of Dry Run, and including the CVRR bridge, thence northeast, parallel to and 80 feet west of the CVRR and including the B&O Bridge, 550 feet, thence east to the beginning.